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How to Successfully Appeal an Insurance Denial: A Step-by-Step Guide



There’s nothing more frustrating for a healthcare practice than receiving a denial on a claim that should have been approved. Denied claims don’t just delay payment—they can cost your practice significant revenue if left unresolved. Insurance companies often deny claims for avoidable reasons, such as coding errors, missing documentation, or misinterpretations of the services provided. However, these errors can be corrected, and an effective appeal can turn a denial into a successful payment.


This guide will walk you through the process of appealing a denied claim, ensuring your practice gets the reimbursement it deserves.


Step 1: Understand Why the Claim Was Denied


Before jumping into an appeal, it’s critical to understand why the claim was denied. The Explanation of Benefits (EOB) or Electronic Remittance Advice (ERA) sent by the insurer will include a denial code or a Claim Adjustment Reason Code (CARC) that indicates the reason for the denial. Common denial reasons include:


  • Incorrect coding (e.g., a mismatch between diagnosis and procedure codes).

  • Lack of medical necessity (the insurer does not believe the service was justified).

  • Missing documentation (important records such as progress notes or test results were not submitted).

  • Coordination of benefits (another insurer may be responsible for the claim).


Understanding the denial code is the first step in building a strong appeal.


Step 2: Gather the Necessary Documentation


Once you know the reason for denial, the next step is to gather all the supporting documents required to prove your claim should have been paid. This might include:


  • Corrected codes if there was a coding error.

  • Detailed medical records showing the necessity of the treatment.

  • Pre-authorization forms if the service required prior approval.

  • Test results or diagnostic reports to support the procedure.


Be sure to include any documentation that was missing from the original claim, as well as a clear explanation that ties the medical necessity or procedure to the patient’s condition.


Step 3: Draft a Clear and Concise Appeal Letter


Your appeal letter is your formal argument to the insurer as to why the denial was made in error. A strong appeal letter is both concise and well-documented, making a clear case for why the claim should be reconsidered.


Here’s what to include in your appeal letter:


1. Patient Information: Include the patient’s name, insurance ID number, and claim number.


2. Reason for Appeal: Clearly state why you believe the claim was denied in error, referencing the specific denial code. For example, if the claim was denied due to “lack of medical necessity,” explain how the procedure was medically necessary for the patient’s condition.


3. Supporting Documentation: List the documentation you are including to support your appeal, such as updated coding or medical records.


4. Request for Reconsideration: Politely but firmly request that the insurance company reprocess the claim with the provided documentation.





Step 4: Submit the Appeal Correctly


Each insurance company has its own process for submitting appeals. It’s important to follow their specific guidelines to ensure your appeal isn’t rejected due to a procedural error. Common ways to submit an appeal include:


  • Mail: Some insurers require appeals to be sent via certified mail to a specific department. This ensures a record of receipt.


  • Online portal: Many insurers offer an online portal for submitting appeals and tracking the status of claims.


  • Fax: Some payers still accept faxed appeals, though be sure to verify that the claim was received and is being processed.


Check the insurance company's appeal instructions, including deadlines, as appeals often must be submitted within 30-60 days of the denial.


Step 5: Follow Up


Insurance companies process thousands of claims every day, and appeals can get lost in the shuffle. After submitting your appeal, set a reminder to follow up within 30 days if you haven’t received a response. Have your documentation and appeal details ready when calling the insurance company’s customer service or claims department.


Tracking the status of your appeal is critical. If the appeal is not resolved within the expected time frame, escalate the issue to a supervisor or submit a second-level appeal if applicable.


Step 6: Know When to Escalate or File a Complaint


If your appeal is denied again, don’t give up. You may have the option to escalate the appeal, depending on the insurer's process. At this stage, it may also be appropriate to seek external review by an independent third-party reviewer or file a complaint with your state’s insurance commissioner.


Most insurers have multiple levels of appeal, and some claims may even qualify for arbitration if the denial was based on a contractual dispute.


Conclusion: Persistence Pays Off


Appealing a denied claim requires diligence, organization, and attention to detail, but the payoff can be significant. Insurance companies often deny claims for avoidable reasons, and a well-prepared appeal can recover revenue that would otherwise be lost. By following a structured process—understanding the reason for denial, gathering the necessary documentation, submitting a clear appeal letter, and following up—you can significantly increase the chances of overturning the denial.


Don’t let denied claims sit unresolved. With the right approach, you can ensure your practice is fairly compensated for the services you provide.

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